8/7/2023 0 Comments Liquid matter![]() Burning of fossil fuels (e.g., aircraft), joss paper, firecrackers and biomass including wood and stubble.Human activities also generate significant amounts of particulates. Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation and sea spray. Atmospheric sources Įxcavator (a type of heavy equipment commonly used at construction sites and roadworks) demolishing the remnants of the pre-war Postal Train Station (Dworzec Pocztowy) at Jerozolimskie Avenue, Poland Overall, ambient particulate matter ranks as the sixth leading risk factor for premature death globally. ![]() Worldwide, exposure to PM 2.5 contributed to 4.1 million deaths from heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, chronic lung disease, and respiratory infections in 2016. The smaller PM 2.5, which can penetrate deeper into the lungs, were associated with an 18% increase in lung cancer per 5 μg/m 3 however, this study did not show statistical significance for this association (95% CI ). In 2013, a study involving 312,944 people in nine European countries revealed that there was no safe level of particulates and that for every increase of 10 μg/m 3 in PM 10, the lung cancer rate rose 22% (95% CI ). Particulates are the most harmful form (other than ultra-fines) of air pollution due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and brain from blood streams, causing health problems such as heart disease, lung disease, and premature death. The IARC and WHO designate airborne particulates as a Group 1 carcinogen. Types of atmospheric particles include suspended particulate matter thoracic and respirable particles inhalable coarse particles, designated PM 10, which are coarse particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers (μm) or less fine particles, designated PM 2.5, with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less ultrafine particles, with a diameter of 100 nm or less and soot. ![]() Note: Flexible plastic soda bottles work better than disposable water bottles because water bottles are often not very flexible and tend to crush completely when squeezed.PM 2.5 and PM 10 compared with a human hair in a graphic from the Environmental Protection Agency Flexible plastic soda bottle (18-20 oz.) with cap.Materials Materials for the Demonstration All other common household or classroom materials can be saved or disposed of in the usual manner. Save the bottles and sand for future use. Remind students to wash their hands after completing the activities. Make sure you and your students wear properly fitting safety glasses or goggles. The activity sheet will serve as the Evaluate component of the 5-E lesson plan. Print the student activity sheet and distribute one per student when specified in the activity. Finally, students make an argument that even though a mound of shaving cream keeps its shape, it is not a solid, and that even though sand takes the shape of its container, it is not a liquid.Students watch a short animation that illustrates the incredibly tiny size of atoms and molecules.Students also try to squeeze a bottle filled with water to develop a model of the particles of a liquid.Students squeeze a flexible plastic bottle with a balloon on top of the bottle to develop a model of the particles of a gas.Students observe a solid metal hammer and a nail and view a molecular model animation of the particles in a solid.Students are introduced to the idea that matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules.NGSS 5-PS1-1: Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.The particles don’t interact with one another but just hit and bounce off of each other when they collide. They are very far apart compared to the particles in a solid or liquid, and are constantly moving. In a gas, the particles have very little attraction to each other. ![]() The particles of a liquid are close together, always moving, and can slide past one another. ![]()
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